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Effect of the engine capacity improvement upon ...

By: Ruspita Sihombing

As of: Jul 22, 2020 11:48:54 PM
2,967 words - 18 matches - 7 sources

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Effect Of The Engine Capacity Improvement Upon The Log Skidding Productivity Under The Monocable System At PT. Ratah Timber Company, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia Ruspita Sihombing, Martin Surya Putra, Ani Fatmawati, Samen Lolongan, Hidayat Hidayat Abstract: Log Harvesting technology using a monocable winch machine was proved to have reduced the production costs and reduced environmental damages compared withthe use of a bulldozer, and contributes to the fact of being harder to get the natural-forest woods confronted by longer routes and tougher topographical rain forest through swampy areas to get bigger logs nowadays. To skid a bigger diameter or volume of logs requires a much a bigger machine. The main purpose of this research was to find out about the influence of engine capacity improvement from 20HP to 26 HP upon log harvest skidding. Application in log skidding using the 20HP engine generated 7,08 m3/h-1hm productivity, while that of the 26HP generated a 8,52 m3/h- 1hm productivity. This shows that the productivity improvement from the 20HP to 26HP engines was 20,33%. However, thet-test, shows that the engine improvement from 20HP to 26HP in terms of log skidding productivity at PT Ratah Timber incorporated did have a significant effect.
Index Terms: East Borneo, skidding machine, engine capacity, Kalimantan Timur, bulldozer, log harvesting. ——————————?—————————— 1 INTRODUCTION One of the skidding equipment locally used in East Borneo since 2000s has been amonocable winch known locally recognized as the skidding machine, which has been applied legally at a few logging operations at their natural forest or industrial forest concessions and it has even been used to skid logs at swampy areas. This machine has been mostly produced at Samarinda and has been used quite a lot on sites by the local community due to its low-cost investment, easy operation, easily available spare parts as well as being mobile to transport and easy to maintain. This machine has even been planned to be exported to Liberia to perform environmentally-friendly logging operations. This machine was originally used as a piling machine to construct buildings, bridge and to pull ships aside at the harbor. In its application, this machine consists of a few gears, which ispowered up by a diesel engine (Dong Feng, Inda and Yanmar diesel-engine brands). To be able to operate, a few more gears (6–8 pieces) had been added to generate more powerful capacity in skidding logs. The modification also made use of truck axle drives that is transmitted by this diesel engine. _____________________________ ? Ruspita Sihombing is a Lecturer of
Mechanical Engineering Department in Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Indonesia.
Email: ruspita.sihombing@yahoo. co.id ? Martin Surya Putra is a Lecturer of
Mechanical Engineering Department in Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Indonesia.
Email: mrtputra@yahoo.com ? Ani Fatmawati is a Lecturer of
Mechanical Engineering Department in Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Indonesia.
Email: anni140763@gmail.com ? Samen Lolongan is a Lecturer of
Mechanical Engineering Department in Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Indonesia.
Email: sam_lolongan@yahoo. co.id ? Hidayat Hidayat is a Lecturer of
Mechanical Engineering Department in Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Indonesia.
E- mail: hidayat@polnes.ac.id
To skid logs at the forests, this machine has been designed to stand up for more than 4 meters high to ease the skidding performance. The machine specification observed in this research consists of the Dong Feng-trade mark engines with 20HP and 26HP capacities, completed with six gears functioning to transmit power to the other driving gears and ¾ inch sling. The fuel used was the diesel fuel. A set of equipment consisting of machinery, Dong Feng diesel engine and a 100-meter wire sling totally cost IDR 40 million (2010- IDR price). According to Hertianti [9], the machine of this kind used in this research is shown in the following profile. 1 = dong feng 2 = van belt 3 = gear box 4 = drive gear 5 = driven gear 6 = drum roll 7 = slink Figure 1. Monocable winch Skidding Machine (Hertianti 2005). The use of winching machine has been implemented by PT Belayan River Timber since its 2009/2010 logging operation. This company has been using 10 units of winch machine. In its application, PT Belayan River Timber has applied the principles of ‘Reduced Impact Logging’ i.e. in topography, log mapping, skid-line planning, skid-like marking, directional felling and winching. By applying the operating procedures in harvesting, it is expected that sustainable forest management can be achieved. The
purpose of this research was to find out about how the
winching machine works, the winching timeline efficiency and the winching productivity. In Global Sanyoto sources, previous research or the company’s available reports. [19], in global divides the work timeline into two parts. 2. Social Aspects 1. GenericTimeline Worked Social aspects consist of general descriptions of the men Generic Timeline Worked is the hours required to conduct power’s area of origin through field survey in which they were actions that have no direct effect upon purely productive work, interviewed and in which reports on the winch machine but it is required to keep the work run smoothly. This generic operations were taken for analysis at the company. time is divided into silent time, avoidable lost time, unavoidable lost time, break time and personal time. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2. Purely Productive Timeline Worked Purely productive work is the hours required to conduct 1. Technical Aspects primary work, being classified productive. Purely productive Comparison among the Total of Pure Timeline Worked, Timeline Worked is the hours required to conduct primary Generic Timeline and Timeline Worked by the 20 HP and 26 working hours, classified productive work. It consists of engine HP engine on a Slope ≤ 40% (Plain to Steep) Based on the start-up preparation, log line land clearing, sharpening the log results of the pure timeline and generic timeline worked at the edges, winching, installing, connecting the slings, winching the plot area using the 20HP engine in winching 89 pieces of logs logs, regulating, releasing and rewinding the slings. and that using the 26HP engine in winching 67 pieces of logs, the average timeline worked obtained was tabulated in the Winching productivity was worked out using the Brown [2] following table. The following table describes the average pure formula: timeline worked, generic timeline and timeline worked on a P = (V)/(Wa + Wo + Wb) [1/ hour] (1) slop ≤ 40%, as shown on a graph. Remarks: P = Winching productivity (m3/hour) TABEL 1. AVERAGE PURE TIMELINE WORKED, GENERIC AND V = volume of logs winched per trip (m3/trip-1) TIMELINE WORKED ON SLOPE < 40% (PLAIN-STEEP CONTOUR) 20 Wa = preparation and installation time for HP AND 26 HP ENGINES equipment (hour) Wo = operation time (hour) Work Timeline 20 HP [hour] 26 HP [hour] Wb = winching and excavation of equipment (hour) Total of pure hours worked 0.74 0.67 Total of generic hours worked 0.07 0.09 What was expected from the research was to provide Total of average hours worked 0.81 0.76 information on the procedures and productivity improvement in winching the logs using the winching machine from 20HP to 26HP. 2 EXPERIMENTAL Research was conducted at Ratah Timber Company (RTC) located at 1140 55’ - 1150 30’ East longitude and 002’LS- 00 15 ‘ North latitude falling into Long Hubung and Laham sub- districts of East Kalimantan Province at MamahaqTeboq site of the Upper Mahakam District of East Kalimantan. Inclination of this area is + 71,9 % classified plain. Types of soil consist of reddish yellowish podsolic, latosol and alluvial. Research nature was analytical, literature-oriented and field measurements. The data used in this research were primary and secondary ones. The primary data were obtained from preparation activitiess consisting of field orientation, selection of pilot sites from middle to highly hilly terrains. 1. Technial Aspects To obtain the timeline worked, a non-stop method (involving Figure 2. Graph on the Total of the average pure timeline equipment preparation, access land clearing for logs, Worked, Generic Timeline and Timeline Worked of the 20HP placement of winch machine on log piles, sling retraction and 26HP machine on a slope ≤40% (plain to steep Contour) towards the logs, placement of slings to the winched logs using hooks, logs retraction, hook releases, log arrangement Based on figure 2, it was revealed that the 20HP engine and sling rolling). Generic time line consisting of machine capacity timeline worked was bigger than that of the 26HP, disturbances, cut-off slings, left tools, steadiness (drinking, due to the fact that on the same winching distances, the smoking, chatting, breaking), fuel refilling, radiator refilling, engines produced the same rotation. In other words, the speed cutting (log clearing) were also taken into account. In addition, was the same, but the tensile strengths on both engines were measurements against the winching distances, diameters from different, making the bigger 26HP engine produced a bigger the center to the edge of logs winched. The other supporting capacity to winch bigger-log masses. In addition, the log data were the winch machine specifications. Secondary data standing on the pilot area using the 20HP engine was bigger were those collected from literatures, electronic media and that of the 26HP. This means that the timeline worked using the 20HP engine was bigger than that of the 26HP. In was used as shown on the following table. general, however the 26HP engine capacity was bigger than the generic timeline worked of the 20HP machine. TABLE 4 RESULTS OF HOMOGENEITY TEST AND THE INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T- Testing the Difference between the Average Timeline TEST FOR THE 20HP AND 26HP ENGINES FOR THE AVERAGE Worked in Winching Logs Using the 20HP and 26HP PRODUCTIVITY OF LOGS WINCHED ON A SLOPE ≤ 40% Engines on a Slope +≤ 40% (Plain-Steep) To test whether there was a difference between the average timeline worked for the logs productivity using the 20HP and 26Hp engines, the t-test or the Independent Samples of the t- test was used as shown in the following table. TABLE3 RESULTS OF THE HOMOGENEITY TEST AND THE INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T-TEST OF 20HP AND 26HP ENGINES Homogenity test t-test for average equatation f sig t df Low test 95% crediability interval Hgh test Product Variant equation assumed 0.58 0.45 1.88 154 2.94 0.07 ivity Varian equation not assumed 1.88 141 2.95 0.07 Homogenity test t-test for average equatation f sig t df Low test 95% crediability interval Hgh test Product Variant equation assumed 0.58 0.45 1.88 154 2.94 0.07 ivity Varian equation not assumed 1.88 141 2.95 0.07 The independent t–test sample shows that the t-computed was -1,88. The t-table on the two side significance ( 0,05 : 2 ) under the degree of freedom 154 was 1,98. Because t- computed was bigger than that of the t-table (t-computed>t- table), it means that H0 was accepted that there was not a significant difference between the logs winched productivity using the 20HP and 26Hp engines on a slop ≤ 40% . This was because the log masses winched using the 20HP and 26HP Result of the Levene’s (homogeneity) test shows that the F- engines had not influenced the strength of tensile generated value was 3,84with a significance of 0,052, where by the 20HP engine. In other words, if the 20Hp engine was 0,052>0,05,meaning that H0 was accepted. Conclusively the assumed to be safe with such strength of tensile, the 26HP variant data of the timeline worked using 20HP engine and one was even safer which, in turn, lead to insignificant 26HP engine on a slope ≤40% have the same variants. From difference of productivity between the two engines. Except if the independent sample t-test, it was found out that the t- the log masseswinched on the pilot area using the 20HP and computed was 0.67. the t-table on two-side significance (0.05: 26HP engines had been under or over the strength of tensile 2) with the degree of freedom 154 was 1.98. As the t- generated by each of the engines when winching bigger log computed was smaller than the t-table, h0 was accepted, masses using the 20HP engine, they would have exceeded meaning that there was not a significant difference between the strength of tensile generated or have produced smaller the timeline worked using the 20HP and 26HP engines on a capacity than that of the 26HP one. As a consequence then, slope ≤ 40%. the logs could not have been winchedwithout using the 26HP engine. Therefore, it was definite that there was a difference of Logs Winched Productivity productivity in winching logs using the 20HP and 26HP engines. In this research, the actual output of statistical Using the following Brown (1958) formula, computation shows that the 20HP productivity had increased n by 20.33%, meaning that the increase was quite significant. In ? Vi other words, it could not be solely judged by the t-test. Results Ptotal ? i?1 of the
t-test show that there was not a significant difference of
W a ?Wo ?Wb (2) productivity using the 20HP and 26HP engines. the logs winched productivity using the 20HP engine was worked out to be averagely 7,08 m3hour-1hm (enclosed), 2. Social Aspects
while that of 26HP was averagely 8,52 m3. hour -1hm)
The winching machine is technologically simple, which does (enclosed) Results of computation shows that the productivity not require specific-skilled men power as those who operate using the 20HP engine in contrast with that of 26HP wereas bulldozers. The local community has been accustomed to follows. using this winch machine that they can easily employed by the logging company legally. This has a positive impact towards % Pr oductivity Raise ? 8 .52 ? 7 .08 the local community’s welfare living around the forest where 7 .08 ? 100 % such a machine is being practiced. Locally legal men-power = 20.33% recruitmentat the logging concession site will help reduce illegal logging practices done by the local community. The Testing the Engine Capacity Differences for the Average Logs winch machine requires 1 team consisting of 5 people, i.e. a Winched Productivity To test whether there was a difference in chainsaw operator, helpers, a winch machine operator and a the average productivity of the log winched using the 20HP hook-man. and 26HP engines, the t-test or the independent sample t-test 4 CONCLUSION The 20HP engine productivity produced 7.08 m3/hour hm,
while that of the 26Hp produced 8,52 m3/ hour hm. This indicates that the productivity
had increased by 20.33% using the 20HP to 26Hp engines.
Results of the t-test indicates that the influence of
engine capacity raise from the 20HP to the 26HP for the logs winched productivity at PT Ratah Timber was insignificant. REFERENCES [1]
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2018 ISSN 2277-8616 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2018 ISSN 2277- 8616 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2018 ISSN 2277-8616 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2018 ISSN 2277 -8616
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